Paul’s fear and his desire for courage are the undercurrents that propel the novel forward. If Paul had been brave enough to maintain his composure and capture Cacciato, there wouldn’t have been a story; the trip to Paris would be unnecessary. He constantly worries about how to overcome his fear and be brave, but one can question whether Paul is not, in fact, brave already. Perhaps going to war and staying at war instead of running away is bravery enough.

It may also be considered—if not brave, then at least not cowardly—to have faltered in the final moment with Cacciato. It is not made clear whether he is supposed to kill or capture Cacciato, but even capture would lead to severe punishment for desertion if the protocols were followed. It’s possible that his sense of morality, rather than a lack of courage, is the reason that he fails in his mission.

One could also question the value of both fear and courage. Fear is typically viewed as a negative characteristic, but it’s part of the body’s evolutionary response system that’s designed to keep us alive. If Paul hadn’t been afraid of the tunnel and had gone in instead of Bernie, he would have died.