The portrait is a symbol of Romania’s surveillance system. The displaying of the dictator’s portrait throughout Romanian is evidence of his desire to be worshipped by citizens as if he were a deity. The portrait is ubiquitous, appearing throughout all areas of the city, including numerous rooms in Cristian’s school. Citizens are constantly made to acknowledge Ceauşescu’s leadership and are constantly reminded of their lack of freedom. The portrait, too, is a fitting representation of the regime’s constant surveillance: Cristian notes the way the portrait appears to be looking back at the viewer. Indeed, citizens are constantly being literally watched and cannot escape the metaphorical eye of Ceauşescu.

Cristian’s anger at the portrait of Ceauşescu and his wife that adorns the room at the Jilava prison is palpable. His rash decision to tear them from the wall, rather than to gaze at them in honor, is evidence of his anger over his oppression and his dedication to the revolution. Being forced to kiss the portrait is the Securitate’s attempt to reinforce the dictator’s authority and undermine Cristian’s resistance. Cristian complies, but unwillingly.