Part 1 (Chapters 1-2)

Reading Check

1. The Defiance Campaign (Chapter 1)

2. The African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) (Chapter 1)

3. The Liberal Party (Chapter 2)

Short Answer

1. The “M” Plan aimed to consolidate the Congress machinery by mobilizing mass support since the Nationalist government had passed laws to suppress Congress organizations. Government policy included the prohibition of meetings, the Public Safety Act, the Criminal Law Amendment Act, and the Suppression of Communism Act. (Chapter 1)

2. An alliance of the ANC and the SAIC formulated the “M” Plan. In addition, Mandela welcomed genuine white allyship in the anti-apartheid struggle. (Chapters 1, 2)

Part 2 (Chapters 3-5)

Reading Check

1. Gold mining and farming magnates (Chapter 4)

2. The Freedom Charter (Chapter 3)

3. The rehabilitation scheme, the poll tax, and tribal rule (Chapter 4)

4. Hitlerite Germany (Chapter 5)

5. The Bantu Education Act and the Separate Universities Act (Chapter 5)

Short Answer

1. According to Mandela, the primary aim of apartheid policy was to create a cheap Black labor force for the mining magnates and farmers.