Explore the different types of manipulation present in The Ballad of Never After. Choose one and discuss the function of this form of manipulation in the novel in terms of narrative and character development.

In Chapter 31, Jacks says that Petra got the ending she deserved as a villain. How does the novel represent villains? Does Petra compare with the novel’s representation of villains? Support your answer with evidence from the text.

In Chapter 43, Evangeline is upset by the idea that reversing time will make her forget Jacks. Using Evangeline’s thoughts in this scene, examine the novel’s explorations of reality and memory. What makes something real in the novel, and how do memories and outlook establish reality in this example of the fantasy genre?