Autophagy, a term derived from the Greek word for “self-eating,” is a process by which cells degrade and recycle their components. In The Comfort Crisis, Easter emphasizes the significance of autophagy in maintaining cellular health and preventing diseases. He connects this biological process to modern eating habits, explaining how constant food consumption inhibits autophagy, leading to various health issues. The book posits that periods of fasting or reduced food intake can activate autophagy, thus contributing to improved health and longevity.

Circadian rhythms are the physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle influenced by light and darkness in the environment. Easter uses this term to discuss how modern life, with its artificial lighting and irregular schedules, disrupts these natural rhythms.

The Comfort Crisis portrays discomfort not just as a physical sensation but as a catalyst for growth and self-discovery. Easter explores how modern society’s aversion to discomfort has led to a range of physical and psychological maladies. He argues that willingly facing discomfort, whether through physical challenges, exposure to nature, or fasting, can lead to enhanced resilience, mental clarity, and a deeper appreciation of life.