The text offers a layered interpretation of key elements of Christian faith, particularly as it unfolds within the framework of Lutheran theology. One of the central concerns is to revitalize this traditional doctrine, taking foundational principles set forth by figures like Martin Luther and reinvigorating them to suit contemporary understanding and needs. This effort is most evident in the discussion of the concept of grace, which aims to move beyond simplified or one-dimensional theological understanding to a more complex and demanding vision.

The dual concept of “cheap grace” and “costly grace” is a focal point for this renewed vision. This concept adds layers of meaning to the traditional Lutheran understanding of “sola gratia” (grace alone) by insisting on personal responsibility and ethical commitment. Traditional Lutheran theology, particularly as formulated by Martin Luther in the 16th century, centers on “sola gratia,” which translates to “by grace alone.” This is one of the Five Solas of the Reformation, and it emphasizes that human beings are saved from sin and its consequences solely by the grace of God and not through any merit or action of their own. This concept was formulated in response to the prevailing Catholic view, which intertwined grace with sacraments, rituals, and good works as necessary for salvation.