Markham references the United States’ responsibility in conditions driving the “migrant crisis” at the United States border. Cite several reasons Markham believes that the United States bears some responsibility. Argue for or against her claim.

What external and internal pressures did Raúl and Ernesto face in the United States? How did they react to those pressures? What did they do well? What could they have done better?

Explain the conditions that trapped Ernesto, Raúl, and the Flores family in El Salvador. What conditions trap them in the United States? What can the United States do to alleviate these conditions for migrants?