Gluck’s poem describes grief as a central part of the human experience. Rather than explore the triumphs of Achilles on the battlefield (the various soldiers he kills), the title ironically speaks to what it means to outlive a loved one. Grief is partially defined as survivor’s guilt in this poem. Achilles survives Patroclus, meaning he dies after Patroclus, but Achilles’s existence after his loss is riddled with pain. The pain he experiences is described as feeling “already dead” (Line 18). He feels guilty that Patroclus died in his place, wearing his armor.

Individual grief, the speaker argues, is more intense than grief that can be experienced for masses of unknown soldiers. Homer’s poem offers the reader a close look at the relationship of Patroclus and Achilles. This can be contrasted with the many “Greek ships” (13) that are set on fire during the battle of Troy. In wartime, it is difficult to process the loss of many troops aboard ships. The destruction of the ships themselves cannot be compared to the loss of human life. Furthermore, the idea of large numbers of people dying is hard to comprehend.

In contrast, personal loss—the loss of a loved one—is something that inspires not only guilt but also intense sadness.