Throughout the novel, the protagonists struggle to explain and understand the reasons for the violent actions unfolding around them. How does the novel explore the “why” behind mass shootings, and does it provide plausible answers? Consider the following as you develop your ideas:

• How does the novel’s structure facilitate exploration of the many motivations behind Tyler’s action?
• What elements of the novel highlight the author’s research into mass shooting phenomena, and how do they inform the narrative?
• How does Nijkamp characterize Tyler?
• What does the focus on relationships reveal about mass violence and traumatic events?
• What role do circumstances play in Tyler’s actions, if any?
• Could the event have been prevented? Why or why not?

Teaching Suggestion: Students may benefit from written copies of the questions to refer to while discussing. Students may also benefit from previewing questions ahead of time to prepare in-depth answers and refer more directly to the text. Group or personal notetaking may increase information retention. Due to the sensitive nature of the topic, it may help to revisit the conduct procedures and discussion agreements finalized by the class in the Short Activity.

Differentiation Suggestion: Nonverbal or socially anxious students may benefit from the opportunity to submit written responses in place of verbal participation.